Same problem (same error) on my computer with AMD Radeon HD 7570. I tried narrowing down when it broke and I assume some connection to the recent QT 5.12 update. Paraview in [extra] is built against QT 5.11.2 but rebuilding against QT 5.12 locally didn't seem to help other than changing the error. Log of the error with rebuilt package is attached below. Interestingly, Paraview 5.6 works fine on my laptop with integrated Intel graphics (Arch Linux) and on the cluster (Ubuntu 18.04.1, using VirtualGL).

Might be an upstream bug since Ubuntu 18.04 seems to be affected as well: https://gitlab.kitware.com/paraview/paraview/issues/18649

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 736
vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow (0x5581a03c7650): GLEW could not be initialized.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 491
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0d33be0): Shader object was not initialized, cannot attach it.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0d33be0): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: //VTK::PositionVC::Dec
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48:
49: // Apple Bug
50: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
51:
52: // Value raster
53: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
54:
55: // picking support
56: //VTK::Picking::Dec
57:
58: void main()
59: {
60: //VTK::Color::Impl
61:
62: //VTK::Normal::Impl
63:
64: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
65:
66: //VTK::Clip::Impl
67:
68: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
69:
70: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
71:
72:
73: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
74:
75: //VTK::Light::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Picking::Impl
78: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0d33be0):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0d33be0): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: //VTK::PositionVC::Dec
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48:
49: // Apple Bug
50: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
51:
52: // Value raster
53: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
54:
55: // picking support
56: //VTK::Picking::Dec
57:
58: void main()
59: {
60: //VTK::Color::Impl
61:
62: //VTK::Normal::Impl
63:
64: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
65:
66: //VTK::Clip::Impl
67:
68: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
69:
70: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
71:
72:
73: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
74:
75: //VTK::Light::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Picking::Impl
78: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0d33be0):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 491
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60): Shader object was not initialized, cannot attach it.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: out vec4 vertexVCVSOutput;
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48: uniform mat4 MCVCMatrix;
49:
50: // Apple Bug
51: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
52:
53: // Value raster
54: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
55:
56: // picking support
57: //VTK::Picking::Dec
58:
59: void main()
60: {
61: //VTK::Color::Impl
62:
63: //VTK::Normal::Impl
64:
65: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
66:
67: //VTK::Clip::Impl
68:
69: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
70:
71: vertexVCVSOutput = MCVCMatrix * vertexMC;
72: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
73:
74:
75: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Light::Impl
78:
79: //VTK::Picking::Impl
80: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: out vec4 vertexVCVSOutput;
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48: uniform mat4 MCVCMatrix;
49:
50: // Apple Bug
51: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
52:
53: // Value raster
54: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
55:
56: // picking support
57: //VTK::Picking::Dec
58:
59: void main()
60: {
61: //VTK::Color::Impl
62:
63: //VTK::Normal::Impl
64:
65: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
66:
67: //VTK::Clip::Impl
68:
69: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
70:
71: vertexVCVSOutput = MCVCMatrix * vertexMC;
72: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
73:
74:
75: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Light::Impl
78:
79: //VTK::Picking::Impl
80: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: out vec4 vertexVCVSOutput;
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48: uniform mat4 MCVCMatrix;
49:
50: // Apple Bug
51: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
52:
53: // Value raster
54: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
55:
56: // picking support
57: //VTK::Picking::Dec
58:
59: void main()
60: {
61: //VTK::Color::Impl
62:
63: //VTK::Normal::Impl
64:
65: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
66:
67: //VTK::Clip::Impl
68:
69: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
70:
71: vertexVCVSOutput = MCVCMatrix * vertexMC;
72: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
73:
74:
75: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Light::Impl
78:
79: //VTK::Picking::Impl
80: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: out vec4 vertexVCVSOutput;
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48: uniform mat4 MCVCMatrix;
49:
50: // Apple Bug
51: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
52:
53: // Value raster
54: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
55:
56: // picking support
57: //VTK::Picking::Dec
58:
59: void main()
60: {
61: //VTK::Color::Impl
62:
63: //VTK::Normal::Impl
64:
65: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
66:
67: //VTK::Clip::Impl
68:
69: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
70:
71: vertexVCVSOutput = MCVCMatrix * vertexMC;
72: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
73:
74:
75: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Light::Impl
78:
79: //VTK::Picking::Impl
80: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 446
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60): 1: #version 150
2: #ifndef GL_ES
3: #define highp
4: #define mediump
5: #define lowp
6: #endif // GL_ES
7: #define attribute in
8: #define varying out
9:
10:
11: /*=========================================================================
12:
13: Program: Visualization Toolkit
14: Module: vtkPolyDataVS.glsl
15:
16: Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
17: All rights reserved.
18: See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
19:
20: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
21: the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22: PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
23:
24: =========================================================================*/
25:
26: in vec4 vertexMC;
27:
28: // frag position in VC
29: out vec4 vertexVCVSOutput;
30:
31: // optional normal declaration
32: //VTK::Normal::Dec
33:
34: // extra lighting parameters
35: //VTK::Light::Dec
36:
37: // Texture coordinates
38: //VTK::TCoord::Dec
39:
40: // material property values
41: //VTK::Color::Dec
42:
43: // clipping plane vars
44: //VTK::Clip::Dec
45:
46: // camera and actor matrix values
47: uniform mat4 MCDCMatrix;
48: uniform mat4 MCVCMatrix;
49:
50: // Apple Bug
51: //VTK::PrimID::Dec
52:
53: // Value raster
54: //VTK::ValuePass::Dec
55:
56: // picking support
57: //VTK::Picking::Dec
58:
59: void main()
60: {
61: //VTK::Color::Impl
62:
63: //VTK::Normal::Impl
64:
65: //VTK::TCoord::Impl
66:
67: //VTK::Clip::Impl
68:
69: //VTK::PrimID::Impl
70:
71: vertexVCVSOutput = MCVCMatrix * vertexMC;
72: gl_Position = MCDCMatrix * vertexMC;
73:
74:
75: //VTK::ValuePass::Impl
76:
77: //VTK::Light::Impl
78:
79: //VTK::Picking::Impl
80: }


ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 447
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0458f60):

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 1931
vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow (0x5581a03c7650): Hardware does not support the number of textures defined.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 1931
vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow (0x5581a03c7650): Hardware does not support the number of textures defined.

Generic Warning: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderTimer.cxx, line 124
vtkOpenGLRenderTimer::Stop called before vtkOpenGLRenderTimer::Start. Ignoring.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 1931
vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow (0x5581a03c7650): Hardware does not support the number of textures defined.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkShaderProgram.cxx, line 491
vtkShaderProgram (0x5581a0d3e830): Shader object was not initialized, cannot attach it.

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLVertexArrayObject.cxx, line 280
vtkOpenGLVertexArrayObject (0x5581a0d59730): attempt to add attribute without a program for attribute ndCoordIn

Generic Warning: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLQuadHelper.cxx, line 60
Error binding ndCoords to VAO.

[local:13549] *** Process received signal ***
[local:13549] Signal: Segmentation fault (11)
[local:13549] Signal code: Address not mapped (1)
[local:13549] Failing at address: 0x80
[local:13549] [ 0] /usr/lib/libc.so.6(+0x37e00)[0x7f871b5a7e00]
[local:13549] [ 1] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkShaderProgram11FindUniformEPKc+0x25)[0x7f8718354b95]
[local:13549] [ 2] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkShaderProgram11SetUniformiEPKci+0x13)[0x7f8718354c83]
[local:13549] [ 3] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN19vtkOpenGLFXAAFilter11ApplyFilterEv+0x1f3)[0x7f87182954f3]
[local:13549] [ 4] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN19vtkOpenGLFXAAFilter7ExecuteEP17vtkOpenGLRenderer+0x47)[0x7f87182957c7]
[local:13549] [ 5] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN17vtkOpenGLRenderer14UpdateGeometryEv+0x9aa)[0x7f87183082ea]
[local:13549] [ 6] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN17vtkOpenGLRenderer12DeviceRenderEv+0xe0)[0x7f8718306190]
[local:13549] [ 7] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN11vtkRenderer6RenderEv+0x7f1)[0x7f87198684c1]
[local:13549] [ 8] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN21vtkRendererCollection6RenderEv+0xa7)[0x7f8719865627]
[local:13549] [ 9] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkRenderWindow14DoStereoRenderEv+0xe6)[0x7f8719871fb6]
[local:13549] [10] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkRenderWindow6RenderEv+0x1c2)[0x7f8719871d02]
[local:13549] [11] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN21vtkOpenGLRenderWindow6RenderEv+0xa)[0x7f87183058ca]
[local:13549] [12] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN28vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow6RenderEv+0x23)[0x7f871828e653]
[local:13549] [13] /usr/lib/libvtkPVClientServerCoreRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkPVRenderView6RenderEbb+0x655)[0x7f8719a9cb15]
[local:13549] [14] /usr/lib/libvtkPVClientServerCoreRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkPVRenderView11StillRenderEv+0x5b)[0x7f8719a9449b]
[local:13549] [15] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerManagerApplication-pv5.6.so.1(_Z22vtkPVRenderViewCommandP26vtkClientServerInterpreterP13vtkObjectBasePKcRK21vtkClientServerStreamRS5_Pv+0x1c79)[0x7f871acb9989]
[local:13549] [16] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter19CallCommandFunctionEPKcP13vtkObjectBaseS1_RK21vtkClientServerStreamRS4_+0x1f0)[0x7f8719925ec0]
[local:13549] [17] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter20ProcessCommandInvokeERK21vtkClientServerStreami+0x49f)[0x7f871992655f]
[local:13549] [18] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter17ProcessOneMessageERK21vtkClientServerStreami+0x46f)[0x7f8719926a2f]
[local:13549] [19] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter13ProcessStreamERK21vtkClientServerStream+0x1e)[0x7f8719926afe]
[local:13549] [20] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerImplementationCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkPVSessionCore21ExecuteStreamInternalERK21vtkClientServerStreamb+0xff)[0x7f8719b9272f]
[local:13549] [21] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerImplementationCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkPVSessionCore13ExecuteStreamEjRK21vtkClientServerStreamb+0x4c)[0x7f8719b9254c]
[local:13549] [22] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerImplementationCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkPVSessionBase13ExecuteStreamEjRK21vtkClientServerStreamb+0x35)[0x7f8719b910f5]
[local:13549] [23] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerManagerRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN14vtkSMViewProxy11StillRenderEv+0x1a0)[0x7f8719cc20e0]
[local:13549] [24] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerManagerRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN30vtkSMViewProxyInteractorHelper6RenderEv+0x1d6)[0x7f8719cc50b6]
[local:13549] [25] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerManagerRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN30vtkSMViewProxyInteractorHelper7ExecuteEP9vtkObjectmPv+0x162)[0x7f8719cc5272]
[local:13549] [26] /usr/lib/libvtkCommonCore-pv5.6.so.1(+0x329432)[0x7f871905c432]
[local:13549] [27] /usr/lib/libvtkGUISupportQt-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN22QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget9renderVTKEv+0x3f)[0x7f8719e0c17f]
[local:13549] [28] /usr/lib/libvtkGUISupportQt-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN22QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget7paintGLEv+0x9d)[0x7f8719e0c5ed]
[local:13549] [29] /usr/lib/libQt5Widgets.so.5(+0x1b9e65)[0x7f871c5d1e65]
[local:13549] *** End of error message ***
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

I just stumbled by accident over this problem when debugging another problem with Qt 12 and paraview:
https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-72785

I have proprietary nvidia graphics running gnome (under xorg) and paraview starts normally. When starting it with "QT_XCB_GL_INTEGRATION=xcb_egl paraview" (as I was asked on the Qt bugtracker) I get the same problem (with nvidia graphics) as mentioned here. Similiar when using nouveau drivers, I get the same output as Patrick, what I wrote here:
https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/61148#comment176701

Tried compiling paraview without using system glew but that didn't help, either.

Update of QT to 5.12.1 somewhat improved the situation. Paraview is able to start with following warning and can successfully load HDF5 mesh data:

ERROR: In /build/paraview/src/ParaView-v5.6.0/VTK/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx, line 736
vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow (0x56488fb075a0): GLEW could not be initialized.

However, when trying to visualize data, Paraview still crashes with the new error:

LLVM ERROR: out of memory
[local:25999] *** Process received signal ***
[local:25999] Signal: Aborted (6)
[local:25999] Signal code: (-6)
[local:25999] [ 0] /usr/lib/libc.so.6(+0x37e00)[0x7fa620361e00]
[local:25999] [ 1] /usr/lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x10f)[0x7fa620361d7f]
[local:25999] [ 2] /usr/lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x125)[0x7fa62034c672]
[local:25999] [ 3] /usr/lib/libLLVM-7.so(_ZN4llvm22report_bad_alloc_errorEPKcb+0x176)[0x7fa5f2b3d316]
[local:25999] [ 4] /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6(_Znwm+0x35)[0x7fa620598615]
[local:25999] [ 5] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkOpenGLTexture20ResampleToPowerOfTwoERiS0_Phii+0xa31)[0x7fa61d0d5721]
[local:25999] [ 6] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN16vtkOpenGLTexture4LoadEP11vtkRenderer+0x7bb)[0x7fa61d0d5f3b]
[local:25999] [ 7] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN23vtkOpenGLPolyDataMapper16RenderPieceStartEP11vtkRendererP8vtkActor+0x1af)[0x7fa61d090a4f]
[local:25999] [ 8] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN25vtkCompositeMapperHelper211RenderPieceEP11vtkRendererP8vtkActor+0x45)[0x7fa61d0266c5]
[local:25999] [ 9] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN27vtkCompositePolyDataMapper26RenderEP11vtkRendererP8vtkActor+0x470)[0x7fa61d02ecd0]
[local:25999] [10] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN14vtkOpenGLActor6RenderEP11vtkRendererP9vtkMapper+0xbe)[0x7fa61d0493ce]
[local:25999] [11] /usr/lib/libvtkPVVTKExtensionsRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN13vtkPVLODActor6RenderEP11vtkRendererP9vtkMapper+0x136)[0x7fa61d622c96]
[local:25999] [12] /usr/lib/libvtkPVVTKExtensionsRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN13vtkPVLODActor20RenderOpaqueGeometryEP11vtkViewport+0x97)[0x7fa61d622327]
[local:25999] [13] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN11vtkRenderer26DeviceRenderOpaqueGeometryEv+0x4b)[0x7fa61e62052b]
[local:25999] [14] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN17vtkOpenGLRenderer26DeviceRenderOpaqueGeometryEv+0x45)[0x7fa61d0c16c5]
[local:25999] [15] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN17vtkOpenGLRenderer14UpdateGeometryEv+0xbfa)[0x7fa61d0c053a]
[local:25999] [16] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN13vtkCameraPass6RenderEPK14vtkRenderState+0x28c)[0x7fa61d0257ac]
[local:25999] [17] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN17vtkOpenGLRenderer12DeviceRenderEv+0x73)[0x7fa61d0be123]
[local:25999] [18] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN11vtkRenderer6RenderEv+0x7f1)[0x7fa61e6224c1]
[local:25999] [19] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN21vtkRendererCollection6RenderEv+0xa7)[0x7fa61e61f627]
[local:25999] [20] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkRenderWindow14DoStereoRenderEv+0xe6)[0x7fa61e62bfb6]
[local:25999] [21] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkRenderWindow6RenderEv+0x1c2)[0x7fa61e62bd02]
[local:25999] [22] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN21vtkOpenGLRenderWindow6RenderEv+0xa)[0x7fa61d0bd8ca]
[local:25999] [23] /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN28vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow6RenderEv+0x23)[0x7fa61d046653]
[local:25999] [24] /usr/lib/libvtkPVClientServerCoreRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkPVRenderView6RenderEbb+0x655)[0x7fa61e856b15]
[local:25999] [25] /usr/lib/libvtkPVClientServerCoreRendering-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN15vtkPVRenderView11StillRenderEv+0x5b)[0x7fa61e84e49b]
[local:25999] [26] /usr/lib/libvtkPVServerManagerApplication-pv5.6.so.1(_Z22vtkPVRenderViewCommandP26vtkClientServerInterpreterP13vtkObjectBasePKcRK21vtkClientServerStreamRS5_Pv+0x1c79)[0x7fa61fa73989]
[local:25999] [27] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter19CallCommandFunctionEPKcP13vtkObjectBaseS1_RK21vtkClientServerStreamRS4_+0x1f0)[0x7fa61e6dfec0]
[local:25999] [28] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter20ProcessCommandInvokeERK21vtkClientServerStreami+0x49f)[0x7fa61e6e055f]
[local:25999] [29] /usr/lib/libvtkClientServer-pv5.6.so.1(_ZN26vtkClientServerInterpreter17ProcessOneMessageERK21vtkClientServerStreami+0x46f)[0x7fa61e6e0a2f]
[local:25999] *** End of error message ***
Aborted (core dumped)

The same file is confirmed to load successfully with Paraview 5.6 on the cluster (Ubuntu 18.04.1, using VirtualGL).

EDIT: Seems like I spoke too soon. Loading X11 session instead of Wayland results in the same error as before, so the changes are attributed to the use of wayland instead of xcb.

Is this issue still happening?

I am not using paraview now.
Just find out that I uninstall paraview 5.6 and installing community/paraview 5.7.0-3 is problematic, see  bug 61594 .
I did download paraview from original web. After start paraview I am getting error:

Loguru caught a signal: SIGSEGV
Stack trace:
15 0x40771d ./paraview() [0x40771d]
14 0x7f0900f6c153 __libc_start_main + 243
13 0x407530 ./paraview() [0x407530]
12 0x40c10b ./paraview() [0x40c10b]
11 0x407f85 ./paraview() [0x407f85]
10 0x409ce2 ./paraview() [0x409ce2]
9 0x7f0900c48c36 pqStatusBar::pqStatusBar(QWidget*) + 22
8 0x7f0900779f9e QStatusBar::setSizeGripEnabled(bool) + 78
7 0x7f0900779d26 QStatusBar::reformat() + 262
6 0x7f08ffe74703 QFontMetrics::height() const + 19
5 0x7f08ffe5812a QFontPrivate::engineForScript(int) const + 154
4 0x7f08ffe800c2 QFontDatabase::load(QFontPrivate const*, int) + 1138
3 0x7f08ffe7f6a5 QFontDatabase::findFont(QFontDef const&, int) + 245
2 0x7f08ffe7ba31 /mnt/disk_hdd/FORMING/ParaView-5.7.0-MPI-Linux-Python3.7-64bit/bin/../lib/libQt5Gui.so.5(+0x1c4a31) [0x7f08ffe7ba31]
1 0x7f08d68c88be /mnt/disk_hdd/FORMING/ParaView-5.7.0-MPI-Linux-Python3.7-64bit/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5(+0xbc8be) [0x7f08d68c88be]
0 0x7f0900f80fb0 /usr/lib/libc.so.6(+0x3bfb0) [0x7f0900f80fb0]
( 0.064s) [paraview ] :0 FATL| Signal: SIGSEGV
[1] 12114 segmentation fault (core dumped) ./paraview


so looks that paraview on archlinux is problematic, but I think that this bug is about different problem