It seems that gnome-vfs doesn't honour system locale when browsing Windows shares.

When using Nautilus to browse Windows shares it doesn't show filenames with non-Latin chars properly on systems with non-UTF8 locale and non-UTF8 "unix charset" and "display charset" options in smb.conf.

For example, I use KOI8-U locale and have the following lines in smb.conf:
[global]
. . .
dos charset = 866
unix charset = KOI8-U
display charset = KOI8-U

When browsing shares with Cyrillic names in Nautilus I see "???? ??? ???????? (invalid unicode)" as file/dir names with Cyrillic chars.

This is mainstream bug mentioned there:gnome-vfs-list@gnome.org/msg00946.html"> http://www.mail-archive.com/gnome-vfs-list@gnome.org/msg00946.html
There: https://bugzilla.altlinux.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4685 is another description (in Russian) with few proposed workarounds, but none of them works.

The only way to make Nautilus show filenames properly is to remove "unix charset" and "display charset" options, but then they will be displayed wrong in other places that don't use gnome-vfs.

Note: though it's mainstream problem maybe it will be possible to fix this or adopt some workaround.
If no, then feel free to close it with "Won't Fix".