The chromium package [1] as of version 59.0.3071.115-1 does not list gtk3-print-backends as a optional or mandatory dependency. The result of this is that Chrome primarily works, but silently fails when an attempt is made to print. Interestingly enough, it will query CUPS for the local printers and display them in the print dialog, but it then silently returns without doing any work when the print button is pressed [2].


[1] https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/chromium/

[2]

D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Server address is "/run/cups/cups.sock".
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Accepted from localhost (Domain)
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Waiting for request.
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] POST /printers/printername HTTP/1.1
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] cupsdSetBusyState: newbusy="Active clients", busy="Not busy"
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Read: status=200, state=6
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] No authentication data provided.
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] 2.0 Get-Printer-Attributes 3
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] Get-Printer-Attributes ipp://localhost/printers/printername
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Printer-Attributes (ipp://localhost/printers/printername) from localhost
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Content-Length: 13320
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] cupsdSendHeader: code=200, type="application/ipp", auth_type=0
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] con->http=0x558fa4bdd9e0
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] cupsdWriteClient error=0, used=0, state=HTTP_STATE_POST_SEND, data_encoding=HTTP_ENCODING_LENGTH, data_remaining=13320, response=0x558fa4be2600(IPP_STATE_DATA), pipe_pid=0, file=-1
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Writing IPP response, ipp_state=IPP_STATE_DATA, old wused=0, new wused=0
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] bytes=0, http_state=0, data_remaining=13320
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Flushing write buffer.
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] New state is HTTP_STATE_WAITING
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Waiting for request.
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] cupsdSetBusyState: newbusy="Not busy", busy="Active clients"
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] HTTP_STATE_WAITING Closing for error 32 (Broken pipe)
D [20/Jul/2017:23:14:59 -0700] [Client 8] Closing connection.