Was this reported to upstream too? If not, I suggest to do so.

Building in clean chroot, error message looks like:
<snip>
g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I../../include -I/usr/include/SDL -D_GNU_SOURCE=1 -D_REENTRANT -march=i686 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -MT flags.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/flags.Tpo -c -o flags.o flags.cpp
In file included from ../../include/programs.h:28:0,
from cpu.cpp:29:
../../include/dos_inc.h: In member function 'void DOS_MCB::SetFileName(const char*)':
../../include/dos_inc.h:543:78: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
../../include/dos_inc.h:543:79: error: 'filename' was not declared in this scope
../../include/dos_inc.h:543:87: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
../../include/dos_inc.h: In member function 'void DOS_MCB::GetFileName(char*)':
../../include/dos_inc.h:544:71: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
../../include/dos_inc.h:544:72: error: 'filename' was not declared in this scope
../../include/dos_inc.h:544:80: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp: In member function 'void TaskStateSegment::Get_SSx_ESPx(Bitu, Bitu&, Bitu&)':
cpu.cpp:294:37: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:294:38: error: 'esp0' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:294:42: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:298:37: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:298:38: error: 'sp0' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:298:41: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp: In function 'bool CPU_SwitchTask(Bitu, TSwitchType, Bitu)':
cpu.cpp:362:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:362:50: error: 'cr3' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:362:53: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:363:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:363:50: error: 'eip' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:364:52: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:364:53: error: 'eflags' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:365:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:365:50: error: 'eax' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:366:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:366:50: error: 'ecx' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:367:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:367:50: error: 'edx' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:368:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:368:50: error: 'ebx' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:369:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:369:50: error: 'esp' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:370:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:370:50: error: 'ebp' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:371:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:371:50: error: 'edi' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:372:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:372:50: error: 'esi' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:374:48: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:375:48: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:376:48: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:377:48: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:378:48: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:379:48: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:380:49: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:380:50: error: 'ldt' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:403:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:403:43: error: 'eflags' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:403:49: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:404:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:404:43: error: 'eip' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:406:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:406:43: error: 'eax' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:407:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:407:43: error: 'ecx' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:408:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:408:43: error: 'edx' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:409:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:409:43: error: 'ebx' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:410:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:410:43: error: 'esp' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:411:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:411:43: error: 'ebp' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:412:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:412:43: error: 'esi' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:413:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:413:43: error: 'edi' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:415:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:416:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:417:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:418:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:419:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:420:42: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:428:43: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:428:44: error: 'back' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:428:48: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:430:43: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
cpu.cpp:430:44: error: 'back' was not declared in this scope
cpu.cpp:430:48: error: 'offsetof' was not declared in this scope
mv -f .deps/flags.Tpo .deps/flags.Po
g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I../../include -I/usr/include/SDL -D_GNU_SOURCE=1 -D_REENTRANT -march=i686 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -MT modrm.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/modrm.Tpo -c -o modrm.o modrm.cpp
make[4]: *** [cpu.o] Error 1
make[4]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
mv -f .deps/modrm.Tpo .deps/modrm.Po
make[4]: Leaving directory `/build/src/dosbox-0.74/src/cpu'
make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/build/src/dosbox-0.74/src/cpu'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/build/src/dosbox-0.74/src'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/build/src/dosbox-0.74'
make: *** [all] Error 2
==> ERROR: A failure occurred in build().
Aborting...

Targets (30): xcb-proto-1.6-2 xproto-7.0.21-1 libxdmcp-1.1.0-1
libxau-1.0.6-1 libxcb-1.7-2 kbproto-1.0.5-1 libx11-1.4.3-2
xextproto-7.2.0-1 libxext-1.3.0-1 renderproto-0.11.1-1
libxrender-0.9.6-1 sdl-1.2.14-6 sdl_net-1.2.7-3
libmikmod-3.1.12-3 libogg-1.2.2-1 libvorbis-1.3.2-1
flac-1.2.1-2 speex-1.2rc1-1.1 smpeg-0.4.4-5 sdl_sound-1.0.3-2
libdrm-2.4.25-1 xf86vidmodeproto-2.3.1-1 libxxf86vm-1.1.1-1
fixesproto-5.0-1 libxfixes-5.0-1 damageproto-1.2.1-1
libxdamage-1.1.3-1 libgl-7.10.2-2 libpng-1.4.5-1
alsa-lib-1.0.24.1-1
Targets (6): libice-1.0.7-1 libsm-1.2.0-1 libxt-1.1.1-1 dri2proto-2.3-1
glproto-1.4.12-1 mesa-7.10.2-2

It's already solved upstream, because I can compile the current svn-version.

I did some research and found out that "#include <stddef.h>" must be inserted into "include/dos_inc.h" to make it work again.
Have a look at http://dosbox.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/dosbox/dosbox/trunk/include/dos_inc.h?revision=3713&view=markup for the exact location of this line.